2026年1月1日 星期四
2025年12月25日 星期四
有情有義的上帝: 悲劇信仰與十字架神學
有情有義的上帝: 悲劇信仰與十字架神學
作者／柯志明 教授
出版／橄欖
特價：300元
購書請洽：
prisca.ya.chi@gmail.com
Line: priscachiuyachi
0963269808
序言
1 死亡、上帝與將來
2 惡，無神論，信仰
3 苦難與上帝形像之更迭
4 耶穌的復活與人的死亡
5 有情有義的上帝
6 實踐、智慧與悲劇信仰
7 保羅，雅典，臺灣
附錄 被判死刑的上帝
2025年12月20日 星期六
2025年12月9日 星期二
Track 4.6
Can Animals Be Nice?
We know that people can be nice, but what about animals?
Some scientists think they can. Animals that live in groups, like chimpanzees and elephants, have to be nice to each other to survive. However, animals sometimes act nicely even when they don’t need to. Here are four stories.
One day in southern Australia, Leonie Allan was walking her dog Rex when she came across a dead kangaroo. A car hit it—sadly, this happened frequently in the area. But later that day, Rex went back to the body. There was a small baby kangaroo in its pouch! Rex pulled the baby out gently, brought it home, and placed it at Leonie’s feet. He saved the kangaroo’s life, and the two became good friends.
Geza Teleki is a scientist who studies chimpanzees in Tanzania. One day, Geza hiked far away from his campsite. He didn’t have any food with him, so he tried to get some fruit from a tree. But the tree was too tall. A young chimpanzee watched Geza curiously as he tried to get to the fruit. It then climbed up the tree, picked some fruit, and gave it to Geza!
An elephant in Kenya hurt its trunk. It needed help because it couldn’t put food into its mouth. Researcher Kayhan Ostovar watched silently. He saw the elephant show its injured trunk to a healthy elephant. The healthy elephant didn’t need any more information. It took some leaves and put them carefully into its friend’s mouth.
Hippos and crocodiles live together in rivers, and they usually get along. But Karen Paoilillo, a wildlife expert in Zimbabwe, saw something interesting. One day, a crocodile tried to eat a monkey that was next to a river. A hippo ran quickly to the crocodile and chased it away. Why did the hippo attack the crocodile? Karen says that sometimes hippos like to protect other animals.
We know that people can be nice, but what about animals?
Some scientists think they can. Animals that live in groups, like chimpanzees and elephants, have to be nice to each other to survive. However, animals sometimes act nicely even when they don’t need to. Here are four stories.
One day in southern Australia, Leonie Allan was walking her dog Rex when she came across a dead kangaroo. A car hit it—sadly, this happened frequently in the area. But later that day, Rex went back to the body. There was a small baby kangaroo in its pouch! Rex pulled the baby out gently, brought it home, and placed it at Leonie’s feet. He saved the kangaroo’s life, and the two became good friends.
Geza Teleki is a scientist who studies chimpanzees in Tanzania. One day, Geza hiked far away from his campsite. He didn’t have any food with him, so he tried to get some fruit from a tree. But the tree was too tall. A young chimpanzee watched Geza curiously as he tried to get to the fruit. It then climbed up the tree, picked some fruit, and gave it to Geza!
An elephant in Kenya hurt its trunk. It needed help because it couldn’t put food into its mouth. Researcher Kayhan Ostovar watched silently. He saw the elephant show its injured trunk to a healthy elephant. The healthy elephant didn’t need any more information. It took some leaves and put them carefully into its friend’s mouth.
Hippos and crocodiles live together in rivers, and they usually get along. But Karen Paoilillo, a wildlife expert in Zimbabwe, saw something interesting. One day, a crocodile tried to eat a monkey that was next to a river. A hippo ran quickly to the crocodile and chased it away. Why did the hippo attack the crocodile? Karen says that sometimes hippos like to protect other animals.
Track 3.6
6 Things You Can Do About Plastic
Plastic pollution is a serious problem, and it’s getting worse. Because plastics aren’t biodegradable, they’ll stay in our oceans for a long time. Scientists are trying to create plastics that break down quickly, but the best solution for now is to use less plastic. Here are six tips that can help you:
Stop using plastic bags. Bring your own reusable ones to the store instead. Every year, people use a trillion plastic bags worldwide. In the United States alone, people use 100 billion bags annually—that’s almost one per person per day. But in Denmark, people use only four plastic bags a year! Denmark’s solution? It passed the world’s first bag tax in 1993.
Say “no” to straws. A study revealed that more than 8.3 billion plastic straws cover the world’s beaches. Americans throw away 500 million plastic straws every day—about 1.5 per person.
Don’t buy bottled water. Carry a refillable water bottle with you. Around the world, nearly a million plastic bottles are thrown away every minute. The problem is so bad that in some places like Bundanoon, Australia, stores aren’t allowed to sell bottled water anymore.
Avoid plastic packaging. Most of the things we buy come in plastic packaging. It’s everywhere, and some countries like France are trying to ban it. But there are things you can do, too: buy bar soap instead of liquid soap; buy things in bulk; and avoid fruit or vegetables packed in plastic.
Recycle what you can. In 2018, the world recycled only 18 percent of its plastic. Europe recycled about 30 percent, and China recycled 25 percent. But the US only recycled 9 percent—a drop in the bucket.
Don’t litter. 73 percent of the litter found on the world’s beaches is plastic. The most common types of plastic litter? Cigarette butts, bottles and bottle caps, food packaging, and plastic bags.
Plastic pollution is a serious problem, and it’s getting worse. Because plastics aren’t biodegradable, they’ll stay in our oceans for a long time. Scientists are trying to create plastics that break down quickly, but the best solution for now is to use less plastic. Here are six tips that can help you:
Stop using plastic bags. Bring your own reusable ones to the store instead. Every year, people use a trillion plastic bags worldwide. In the United States alone, people use 100 billion bags annually—that’s almost one per person per day. But in Denmark, people use only four plastic bags a year! Denmark’s solution? It passed the world’s first bag tax in 1993.
Say “no” to straws. A study revealed that more than 8.3 billion plastic straws cover the world’s beaches. Americans throw away 500 million plastic straws every day—about 1.5 per person.
Don’t buy bottled water. Carry a refillable water bottle with you. Around the world, nearly a million plastic bottles are thrown away every minute. The problem is so bad that in some places like Bundanoon, Australia, stores aren’t allowed to sell bottled water anymore.
Avoid plastic packaging. Most of the things we buy come in plastic packaging. It’s everywhere, and some countries like France are trying to ban it. But there are things you can do, too: buy bar soap instead of liquid soap; buy things in bulk; and avoid fruit or vegetables packed in plastic.
Recycle what you can. In 2018, the world recycled only 18 percent of its plastic. Europe recycled about 30 percent, and China recycled 25 percent. But the US only recycled 9 percent—a drop in the bucket.
Don’t litter. 73 percent of the litter found on the world’s beaches is plastic. The most common types of plastic litter? Cigarette butts, bottles and bottle caps, food packaging, and plastic bags.
2025年12月1日 星期一
5.2
A = Amy, G = guard, O = organizer, F = friend, J = judge
A 12:30. In a long line outside the Conference Center in Portland.
G Remember, you need ID. You can’t come in if you don’t have ID.
A Here’s my passport.
G Thanks. “Amy Jones.” Yup, that’s you! OK, come in. Next, please!
A 12:45. In the waiting area with 350 other singers!
O1 OK, Amy, sit here and wait until we call your name.
A Thanks.
O1 Are you here for the audition, too?
F No, I’m not. I’m Amy’s friend. Can I wait with her?
O1 Yeah, sure.
F Thanks.
A Let’s sit here. I’m so nervous…
O2 Mike Smith, Pat Jones, Tony Cash, come with me. This way.
A Good luck!
A 4:00. Three hours later! My turn at last!
O2 Amy Jones, Naomi Williams, Justin Elliot? Can you come with me, please? It’s your turn now.
A Oh my goodness! It’s my turn.
F Good luck, Amy! You can do it!
A Excuse me. Can my friend come with me?
O2 No, she can’t. She can wait there. And you can’t take your bag into the audition. Leave it with your friend.
A OK.
A 4:15. In the audition, with three judges. Really nervous!
J Amy…Jones? What’s your song?
A One Day.
J We can’t hear you. Is the microphone on?
A Sorry. Sorry. Can you hear me now?
J Yes, that’s fine.
A My song’s One Day.
J Can you start, please?
A Oh no! I can’t remember the first line.
J Take your time.
A I’m OK now!
A 12:30. In a long line outside the Conference Center in Portland.
G Remember, you need ID. You can’t come in if you don’t have ID.
A Here’s my passport.
G Thanks. “Amy Jones.” Yup, that’s you! OK, come in. Next, please!
A 12:45. In the waiting area with 350 other singers!
O1 OK, Amy, sit here and wait until we call your name.
A Thanks.
O1 Are you here for the audition, too?
F No, I’m not. I’m Amy’s friend. Can I wait with her?
O1 Yeah, sure.
F Thanks.
A Let’s sit here. I’m so nervous…
O2 Mike Smith, Pat Jones, Tony Cash, come with me. This way.
A Good luck!
A 4:00. Three hours later! My turn at last!
O2 Amy Jones, Naomi Williams, Justin Elliot? Can you come with me, please? It’s your turn now.
A Oh my goodness! It’s my turn.
F Good luck, Amy! You can do it!
A Excuse me. Can my friend come with me?
O2 No, she can’t. She can wait there. And you can’t take your bag into the audition. Leave it with your friend.
A OK.
A 4:15. In the audition, with three judges. Really nervous!
J Amy…Jones? What’s your song?
A One Day.
J We can’t hear you. Is the microphone on?
A Sorry. Sorry. Can you hear me now?
J Yes, that’s fine.
A My song’s One Day.
J Can you start, please?
A Oh no! I can’t remember the first line.
J Take your time.
A I’m OK now!
2025年11月25日 星期二
Bucket Lists
Track 8.6
Bucket Lists
Have you ever wanted to see the Great Wall of China, win an Oscar, or swim with dolphins? If so, you’re not alone.
We all have things we want to do in our lifetimes. Write those things down, and you have your very own bucket list. A bucket list is a list of things someone wants to experience before dying. It’s essentially a set of goals that people create to remind themselves to live life to the fullest.
Many people have fun or exciting activities on their bucket lists, like hot-air ballooning or scuba diving. Others include places or things they want to see, like the Taj Mahal or the northern lights. Some people list things they want to achieve, like learning a new language or completing a marathon. And others list things that are worthwhile and that make a positive difference in the world.
Laura Lawson is only 23, but she has already done half of the 333 items on her bucket list. She’s eaten an insect, visited Las Vegas, and gone skydiving. Her advice is simple: “Try not watching TV for a week. You’ll see how much time you have to suddenly try new things.”
Jack Reynolds shows that age is not a limit when it comes to bucket lists. At 104, he flew in a biplane. And at 105, he became the world’s oldest roller coaster passenger. For his 106th birthday, Jack wanted to ride in a Formula 1 car, but couldn't. So he went zip-lining instead!
Bucket lists are very personal. And the items on them don’t have to be expensive to be worth doing. The best bucket lists balance experiencing the world, trying new things, and finding yourself. So think about what you enjoy, and ask yourself:
What’s on your bucket list?
Bucket Lists
Have you ever wanted to see the Great Wall of China, win an Oscar, or swim with dolphins? If so, you’re not alone.
We all have things we want to do in our lifetimes. Write those things down, and you have your very own bucket list. A bucket list is a list of things someone wants to experience before dying. It’s essentially a set of goals that people create to remind themselves to live life to the fullest.
Many people have fun or exciting activities on their bucket lists, like hot-air ballooning or scuba diving. Others include places or things they want to see, like the Taj Mahal or the northern lights. Some people list things they want to achieve, like learning a new language or completing a marathon. And others list things that are worthwhile and that make a positive difference in the world.
Laura Lawson is only 23, but she has already done half of the 333 items on her bucket list. She’s eaten an insect, visited Las Vegas, and gone skydiving. Her advice is simple: “Try not watching TV for a week. You’ll see how much time you have to suddenly try new things.”
Jack Reynolds shows that age is not a limit when it comes to bucket lists. At 104, he flew in a biplane. And at 105, he became the world’s oldest roller coaster passenger. For his 106th birthday, Jack wanted to ride in a Formula 1 car, but couldn't. So he went zip-lining instead!
Bucket lists are very personal. And the items on them don’t have to be expensive to be worth doing. The best bucket lists balance experiencing the world, trying new things, and finding yourself. So think about what you enjoy, and ask yourself:
What’s on your bucket list?
8.1
8.1
Every year, the city of Chiang Mai in Thailand hosts the Yi Ping Festival—the largest lantern festival in the country. The festival takes place around November each year, on the night of the full moon. People believe that releasing the lanterns brings good luck. They decorate their lanterns with wishes and prayers. They light their lanterns and wait for the air inside to heat up. They then release their lanterns and watch them float away together with thousands of other lanterns that fill up the night sky.
Every year, the city of Chiang Mai in Thailand hosts the Yi Ping Festival—the largest lantern festival in the country. The festival takes place around November each year, on the night of the full moon. People believe that releasing the lanterns brings good luck. They decorate their lanterns with wishes and prayers. They light their lanterns and wait for the air inside to heat up. They then release their lanterns and watch them float away together with thousands of other lanterns that fill up the night sky.
Track 8.1
Track 8.1
BRIAN: Hi, Katy. How was your weekend?
KATY: Hey, Brian. It was great. I went go-karting with my cousins.
BRIAN: Go-karting? So you drove a tiny race car around a track?
KATY: Yeah, but it wasn’t that small. And it was pretty fast, too!
BRIAN: Ah. I’ve never tried that before.
KATY: Have you done other interesting sports?
BRIAN: Well, I’ve gone surfing. I went last summer. I wasn’t very good, but it was fun.
KATY: Cool. Look, it’s Michiko. Hey Michiko, over here!
MICHIKO: Hey Brian. Hey Katy.
BRIAN: Guess what. Katy went go-karting last weekend. Have you ever done anything exciting like that?
MICHIKO: Wow. I’ve never tried go-karting… but I’ve tried bungee jumping. That was pretty crazy! I did it two years ago, on vacation with my parents.
KATY: No way! Were you scared?
MICHIKO: Of course I was. I’m glad I did it—but once is enough!
BRIAN: Hi, Katy. How was your weekend?
KATY: Hey, Brian. It was great. I went go-karting with my cousins.
BRIAN: Go-karting? So you drove a tiny race car around a track?
KATY: Yeah, but it wasn’t that small. And it was pretty fast, too!
BRIAN: Ah. I’ve never tried that before.
KATY: Have you done other interesting sports?
BRIAN: Well, I’ve gone surfing. I went last summer. I wasn’t very good, but it was fun.
KATY: Cool. Look, it’s Michiko. Hey Michiko, over here!
MICHIKO: Hey Brian. Hey Katy.
BRIAN: Guess what. Katy went go-karting last weekend. Have you ever done anything exciting like that?
MICHIKO: Wow. I’ve never tried go-karting… but I’ve tried bungee jumping. That was pretty crazy! I did it two years ago, on vacation with my parents.
KATY: No way! Were you scared?
MICHIKO: Of course I was. I’m glad I did it—but once is enough!
Track 4.1
Track 4.1
The world is full of amazing animals. Many of these animals behave in interesting ways.
Sloths live in the Amazon rainforest. They live in trees and move really slowly when climbing from branch to branch. But in the water, they move quickly. Sloths are one of the slowest animals in the world on land. But they are quick in the water.
Bees live all over the world, and they work really hard—they have to visit more than four million flowers just to make one kilogram of honey! They also work very well in groups. They actually “dance” to tell other bees where to find flowers.
The great gray owl lives in the forests of the United States. These birds are good hunters. They wait patiently for their food. And when they locate it, they move quietly and quickly to catch it.
In South Africa, you can see many different types of dolphins. These beautiful animals swim gracefully, and they like to have fun—you often see them jump playfully out of the water.
The world is full of amazing animals. Many of these animals behave in interesting ways.
Sloths live in the Amazon rainforest. They live in trees and move really slowly when climbing from branch to branch. But in the water, they move quickly. Sloths are one of the slowest animals in the world on land. But they are quick in the water.
Bees live all over the world, and they work really hard—they have to visit more than four million flowers just to make one kilogram of honey! They also work very well in groups. They actually “dance” to tell other bees where to find flowers.
The great gray owl lives in the forests of the United States. These birds are good hunters. They wait patiently for their food. And when they locate it, they move quietly and quickly to catch it.
In South Africa, you can see many different types of dolphins. These beautiful animals swim gracefully, and they like to have fun—you often see them jump playfully out of the water.
3.2
3.2
Plastics are everywhere. We use them in all sorts of things. But is this amazing material that we love so much now becoming a problem? Because plastic is so useful, we make a lot of it. Since 1950, humans have produced 9.2 billion tons of plastic. That’s the weight of nearly 1,600 pyramids! Much of this plastic becomes trash that never goes away. Single use plastics, like straws and plastic bags, are the most harmful. They make up about 40% of all plastic waste. They are often not recycled, and hurt the environment, animals, and communities around the world.
To fight plastic pollution, we have to change. A great way is to reduce the amount of single use plastics we use by choosing reusable alternatives. For plastics that already exist, we have to find other solutions. Some scientists are asking nature for help. Wax worms and meal worms eat plastics and break them down. Some microbes also help break down plastics more quickly, from hundreds of years to only a few days.
Manufacturers have to change, too. Some are already using new ingredients from plants to make biodegradable bio-plastics. These materials are just like plastic, but because they come from natural ingredients, they can biodegrade. Manufacturers can also use rubber tree latex instead of plastic. The tree’s latex is very useful. People use it to make many products, such as rubber gloves and tires.
To solve the world’s plastic problem, we have to look for more natural solutions… like the rubber tree.
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